Showing posts with label Electrical Projects. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Electrical Projects. Show all posts

Friday 8 March 2024

What is Switchgear? What Are The Types Of Circuit Breakers?

What is Switchgear? What Are The Types Of Circuit Breakers?
1. What Methods Are Used To Put Out The Arc In An Ac Circuit Breaker?

1) Error With High Resistance.

2) Low Resistance Or Zero Point Interruption Is Put Out Of Commission At The Natural Current Zero Of An Ac Wave And Is Kept From Happening Again By A Quick Accumulation Of The Contact Space's Dielectric Strength.

2. How Do You Define An Anti pump Relay?

A Provision Included Into The Circuit Breaker Or Reclose Scheme That Prevents The Circuit Breaker From Repeatedly Functioning In The Event Of A Permanent Fault If The Closure Impulse Is Longer Than The Protection Relay's And The Circuit Breaker's Working Durations.

3. How Can The Vacuum Level Inside The Vacuum Bottle Be Ensured?

1) Vacuum Gauge
2) By Using A High Voltage, Power Frequency Test.

4. What Crucial Examinations Or OCBs Need To Be Performed During Maintenance?

1) Examine The Insulation Resistance Between Each Pole's Phase And Ground.

2) Examine The Oil's Dielectric Strength And Level. 

3) Examine The Mechanical Processes.

4) Squeaky Insulators.

5) Verify The Terminal For Simultaneous Connections And Contact Length.

6) Calculate The Resistance To Contact.

5. What Kinds Of Circuit Breakers Are There?

A) Miniature Circuit Breakers, Or MCBs.

B) Molded Case Circuit Breakers, Or MCCBs.

D) Oil Circuit Breaker, Or OCB.

D) Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker (MOCB).

F) Air Circuit Breaker, Or ACB.

F) Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB).

G) Sulfur Hexa Fluoride Circuit Breaker, Or SF6.

6. How Do You Perform The VCB's Annual Preventative Maintenance?

A) Obtain The Permit.

B) Transfer The Breaker's Load.

C) Turn The Breaker Off And Rack It Out.
 
D) Discharge The Spring Already. 

E) Clean The V.C.B. Physically. 

F) Examine And Clean The Finger Contact.

G) Lubricate The Mechanism After Inspecting It.

H) Rack The Breaker Into The Test Position; 

I) Turn The Breaker On Electrically Three Times For A Trial; 

J) Rack The Breaker Into The Service Position And Provide The Load; 

K) Close The Permit.

7. How Is The Maintenance Of A.C.B. Carried Out?

A) Get A Work Permit; 

B) Shift The Breaker's Load; 

C) Rack Out The Breaker And Release The Spring; 

D) Physically Clean The A.C.B.; 

E) Open The Arc Check; And 

F) Inspect And Clean The Fixed And Movable Contacts.

F) Examine And Clean The Finger Contacts; 

G) Examine And Grease The Mechanism; 

H) Rack The Breaker In The Test Position; 

I) Electrically Turn The Breaker On And Off For Testing; 

J) Rack The Breaker In The Service Position; 

K) Energize The Breaker; 

L) Close The Permit.

8. What Upkeep Is Necessary For Oil Circuit Breakers?

A) Examine Every Component That Supports The Circuit And Take Care Of The Arcing Contact.

B) Check The Oil And Replace It If Necessary.

C) Examine The Insulation For Any Potential Harm.

D) Examine The Tripping And Closing Mechanism.

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Saturday 2 March 2024

Testing And Maintenance Of Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers

Let's Study The Facts of Testing And Maintenance Of Medium-voltage Circuit Breakers With Minimal Error And Theoretical Expiations.

Introduction:-
Maintenance Frequency For Medium-voltage Circuit Breakers Operating Between 600 And 15,000 Volts Should Be Performed Annually Or Every 2,000 Operations, Whichever Occurs First. The Appropriate Standards Advise Following The Given Maintenance Schedule In Order To Get The Necessary Performance Out Of The Breakers.

Safety Practices: Maintenance Procedures Cover The Following Topics That Need Special Attention In Addition To The Safety Practices Listed In The Romss (Reclamation Operation & Maintenance Safety Standards).
Before It Is Inspected Or Repaired, Make Sure The Circuit Breaker And Its Mechanism Are Cut Off From All Electrical Power, Including Control Voltage And High Voltage.
  • Before Any Compressed Air Circuit Breaker Is Examined Or Fixed, Release The Pressure From The Air Receiver.
  •  Before Touching Any Elements Of The Circuit Breaker, Make Sure The Grounding Leads Are Correctly Attached After The Circuit Breaker Has Been Unplugged From The Electrical Source.
  •  While Working On The Equipment, Avoid Setting Down Any Tools As They Can Be Forgotten After It Is Put Back Into Use.
Procedures For Maintaining Medium Voltage Air Circuit Breakers.
The Following Advice For Maintaining Medium-voltage Air Circuit Breakers Should Be Used In Addition To The Manufacturer's Instruction Manuals:
  • Wash The Bushings And Other Insulating Components.
  • Adjust The Moveable And Stationary Contacts In Accordance With The Manufacturer's Instructions After Verifying Their Alignment And Condition.
  • Verify That All Terminal Connections, Washers, Cotter Pins, Nuts, And Bolts Are Snug And In Their Proper Places.
  • Arc Chutes Should Have Any Damaged Pieces Replaced.
  •  The Operational Mechanism Should Be Cleaned, Lubricated, And Adjusted In Accordance With The Instructions Found In The Handbook. A Total Overhaul Is Frequently Required If The Operating Mechanism Cannot Be Brought Within The Designated Tolerances Due To Excessive Wear.
  • After Doing Maintenance, Check The Circuit Breaker To Make Sure The Contacts Travel To Their Completely Opened And Closed Positions, That There Is No Binding Or Friction, And That The Electrical Function Is Working.
Procedures For Maintaining Medium Voltage Oil Circuit Breakers:-
The Medium-voltage Oil Circuit Breakers Maintenance Manuals From The Manufacturer Should Be Used In Conjunction With The Following Recommendations:
  • Examine The Contacts' Alignment, Adjustment, And State. 
  • Make Sure The Tank And Any Other Components That Came Into Contact With The Oil Are Completely Clean.
  • If The Oil's Dielectric Strength Is Less Than 22 KV, Test It And Either Filter It Or Replace It. Even If The Dielectric Strength Is Adequate, The Oil Should Be Filtered Or Replaced If A Visual Check Reveals An Excessive Amount Of Carbon.
  • Examine The Operating Mechanisms And Breakers For Any Loose Parts And Damaged Or Absent Cotter Pins Or Retaining Rings.  
  • As Directed In The Instruction Manual, Adjust The Breaker.
  • Lubricate And Clean The Working Mechanism.
  • Make Sure There Is No Binding Or Friction That Could Interfere With The Breaker's Functioning Before Replacing The Tank.  Refrain From Using The Breaker While The Tank Is Empty Of Oil.
To Avoid Leaks, Make Sure The Gaskets Are Intact And That All Nuts And Valves Are Securely Tightened Before Restoring The Tank And Adding More Oil To It.

Procedures For Maintaining Medium Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breakers.
Since The Primary Contacts Are Contained In Vacuum Containers, A Direct Inspection Is Not Feasible.
The Working Mechanisms Can Be Maintained In A Similar Way As The Breakers That Were Previously Explained. For The Principal Contacts, The Two Maintenance Inspections Listed Below Are Recommended:

After Some Use, Measuring The Shift In The Exterior Shaft Position Can Reveal How Much Contact Degradation Has Occurred. Refer To The Handbook Provided By The Manufacturer.

The Vacuum's Condition Can Be Examined With A Hi-pot Test. Refer To The Handbook Provided By The Manufacturer.

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Sunday 15 January 2023

Three Phase Induction Motor Controller and Protection System

Three Phase Induction Motor Controller and Protection System

Three Phase Induction Motor Controller and Protection System

Components Used For Project "Three Phase Induction Motor Controller and Protection System":-

  • Atmega 328 Microcontroller
  • Encoder Sensor
  • Temperature Sensor
  • Vibration Sensor
  • Induction Motor
  • Switch Buttons
  • Status LED’s
  • Transformer
  • Regulatory Circuitry
  • PCB Board
  • Resistors
  • Capacitors
  • Transistors
  • Cables and Connectors
  • Grid Poles
  • Screws and Bolts

Description:

Induction Motors Have A Wide Range Of Applications, From Household Goods To Industrial Gear. This Calls For A Speed Control System That Is Effective And Secure To Operate. The Induction Motor May Also Be Operated In One Of Two Ways, Which Is Very Helpful In Many Applications.

But In Order To Handle Industrial Applications, Induction Motors, Like All Other Motors, Require Effective Control. Motors, Which Produce The Desired Motion In Any Machine, Are Also Among The Most Prone To Damage. As A Result, The System Also Includes A Temperature And Vibration Alarm.

The Advantages That This System Offers Are As Follows:

  • Using An App To Switch An Induction Motor
  • Motor Direction Control (Clockwise/anticlockwise) For Induction Motor
  • Motor Vibration Alert 
  • Motor Fire Protection

The Induction Motor Is Protected From Extreme Vibration And Temperature As Well As Controlled In Terms Of Speed And Direction By An Induction Motor Controller And Protection System. The Amount Of Power Applied To An Induction Motor Determines The Rpm At Which It Turns. It Uses A Direct Ac Line.

To Gauge The Motor's Rpm, We Employ An Encoder Sensor. In Order To Compute The Distance Travelled By The Motor, We Also Request The User's Input About The Wheel Size. Through The Use Of AC Driver Circuitry, We May Control The Power Of The Ac Line To Change The Induction Motor's Speed. To Provide PWM Power To An Opto-coupler, Which Drives The Triac Supplying Power To The Induction Motor, A Microcontroller From The Atmega Family Is Employed. A Bluetooth Connection To The System Is Used To Feed Instructions To The Microcontroller.

A Button To Change Direction, An App To Speed Up The Motor, And A Button To Slow It Down Are All Used With The Induction Motor. On The Lcd, The Entire Procedure May Be Seen As It Takes Place. This Project Demonstrates How Well It Can Control The Speed And Direction Of An Induction Motor In This Manner.


The Temperature Of The Induction Motor Is Now Measured Using A Temperature Sensor. The Sensor Is Used To Keep Track Of The Operating Temperatures Of Heavy-duty Induction Motors. The Sensor Continuously Measures The Motor's Temperature And Displays The Results On The Lcd. To Prevent Fires Or Coil Burning, The Device Shuts Off The Motor As Soon As The Temperature Exceeds A Certain Threshold.

In A Similar Manner, We Employ A Vibration Sensor To Keep Track Of Motor Vibrations While They Are In Use. On The Lcd Display, The Motor's Vibration Is Shown While It Operates. To Prevent Damage To The Machine Or Motor So That It Can Be Rectified Quickly And Prevent Any Mishaps, The System Shuts Off The Motor If The Vibration Rises Above A Specified Threshold. So, For Industrial Applications, The System Offers A Full Induction Motor Controlling And Protection System.


Block Diagrams

Three Phase Induction Motor Controller and Protection System

Important Notes:-


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We Will Provide You DIY Kits With Notebook To Submit In Your College Or School Or University.



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Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Through Solar Energy

Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Through Solar Energy

Components Required For Project "

Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System":-
  • Atmega Controller
  • Battery
  • Voltage Sensor
  • LCD Display
  • Transformer
  • Regulator Circuitry
  • Transmitter and Receiver Coils
  • Vehicle Body
  • Wheels
  • Switches
  • LED’s
  • PCB Board
  • Resistors
  • Capacitors
  • Transistors
  • Cables and Connectors
Description:-

The Number Of Electric Vehicles On The Road Today Is Steadily Increasing. In Addition To The Environmental Advantages, Electric Vehicles Have Demonstrated Usefulness In Lowering Travel Expenses By Substituting Electricity For Fuel, Which Is Significantly Less Expensive. However, There Are 2 Significant Drawbacks To Electric Vehicles:

  • It Takes A Long Time To Charge—between One And Three Hours.
  • Charging Facilities In Rural And Outlying Regions Are Not Powered.
Here, We Create An Innovative, One-of-a-kind EV Charging System That Addresses Both Of These Issues. The Advantages Of Using This EV Charging Setup Are As Follows:

  • Vehicles Can Be Wirelessly Charged Without Using Wires.
  • No Need To Stop Because The Vehicle Charges While It Is In Motion.
  • No External Power Source Is Required Because Solar Power Will Power The Charging System.
  • Road Coils Built In To Prevent Deterioration
Solar Panels, Batteries, Transformers, Regulator Circuits, Copper Coils, Ac To Dc Converters, Atmega Controllers, And Lcd Displays Are All Used In The System's Construction. The Method Shows How Electric Vehicles May Be Charged While Travelling Down The Road, Doing Away With The Need To Pull Over.

Through The Use Of A Charge Controller, The Battery Is Powered By The Solar Panel. DC Electricity Is Fed Into And Stored By The Battery. Now That The DC Power Is Ready For Transmission, AC Conversion Is Required. Here, We're Using A Transformer For This.

A Transformer Is Used To Convert The Power To AC, And Regulator Circuitry Is Used To Regulate It. The Copper Coils That Are Utilized For Wireless Energy Transmission Are Now Powered By This Energy. 

Additionally, A Copper Coil Is Installed Underneath The Electric Car. Energy Is Transmitted From The Transmitter Coil To The EV Coil When The Car Is Driven Across The Coils. 

Please Take Note That The Energy Is Still Induced Into This Coil As DC Current. To Enable Use In Charging The EV Battery, We Now Convert This Back To DC.

To Convert It Back To Dc Current, We Employ Circuitry For AC To DC Conversion. The Input Voltage Is Now Also Measured By An Atmega Microprocessor, And The Results Are Shown On An LCD Screen. 

As A Result, The Technology Shows How A Wireless Solar-powered Charging System For Electric Vehicles May Be Included Into The Road.

Block Diagram:


Important Notes:-


If You Looking For A Ready-Made Projects, Kindly Comments Below. 

We Will Provide You DIY Kits With Notebook To Submit In Your College Or School Or University.



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